第一章 苦聖諦之解釋 Dukkhasaccaniddeso
（十六） 387. Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?
又，比丘們！什麼是『苦聖諦』呢？
Now what is the noble truth of stress?
Jātipi dukkhā,
➊ 『生』是苦，
Birth is stressful,
jarāpi dukkhā,
➋ 『老』是苦，
aging is stressful,
maraṇampi dukkhaṃ,
➌ 『死』是苦，
death is stressful;
soka-parideva-dukkha-domanass-upāyāsā-pi dukkhā,
➍ 『愁、悲、苦、憂、惱』是苦，
sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair are stressful;
appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho,
➎ 『怨憎會』是苦，
association with the unbeloved is stressful;
piyehi vippayogopi dukkho,
➏ 『愛別離』是苦，
separation from the loved is stressful;
yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ,
➐ 『求不得』是苦。
not getting what one wants is stressful.
saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā [pañcupādānakkhandhāpi (ka.)] dukkhā.
➑ 總括地說：『五取蘊』就是苦。
In short, the five clinging-aggregates are stressful.
