《長部經典》第二 Sāmaññaphalasutta 沙門果經 (DN 2)
第三節 戒律大篇 Mahāsīlaṃ (The Great Section on Virtue)
☆ 佛遺教經 ➾ 合和湯藥，佔相吉凶，仰觀星宿，推步盈虛，曆數算計，皆所不應。
1. 遠離占獻供邪命
（五十六） 205. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等依無益徒勞之橫明而過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – ① aṅgaṃ ② nimittaṃ ③ uppātaṃ ④ supinaṃ ⑤ lakkhaṇaṃ ⑥mūsikacchinnaṃ ⑦ aggihomaṃ ⑧ dabbihomaṃ ⑨ thusahomaṃ ⑩ kaṇahomaṃ
例如――① 占卜手足之相、② 占前兆吉凶、③占流星、④ 占夢、⑤ 占體全身相、⑥ 占鼠所咬、⑦ 火護摩獻供、⑧ 杓子護摩獻供、⑨ 穀皮護摩獻供、⑩ 糠護摩獻供、
by such lowly arts as:
① reading marks on the limbs [e.g., palmistry]; ② reading omens and signs; ③ interpreting celestial events [falling stars, comets]; ④ interpreting dreams; ⑤ reading marks on the body [e.g., phrenology]; ⑥ reading marks on cloth gnawed by mice; ⑦ offering fire oblations, ⑧ oblations from a ladle, ⑨ oblations of husks, ⑩ rice powder,⑪ taṇḍulahomaṃ ⑫ sappihomaṃ ⑬ telahomaṃ ⑭ mukhahomaṃ ⑮ lohitahomaṃ ⑯aṅgavijjā ⑰ vatthuvijjā ⑱ khattavijjā ⑲ sivavijjā ⑳ bhūtavijjā
⑪ 米護摩獻供、⑫ 熟酥護摩獻供、⑬ 油護摩獻供、⑭ 口護摩獻供、⑮ 血護摩獻供、⑯ 肢節明、⑰ 宅地明――風水地理、⑱ 剎帝利明――政治學、⑲ 濕婆明――求濕婆神之庇護、⑳ 鬼神明――驅魔、
⑪ rice grains, ⑫ ghee, ⑬ and oil; ⑭ offering oblations from the mouth; ⑮ offering blood-sacrifices; ⑯ making predictions based on the fingertips; ⑰ geomancy; ⑲ laying demons in a cemetery; ⑳ placing spells on spirits;
㉑ bhūrivijjā ㉒ ahivijjā ㉓ visavijjā ㉔ vicchikavijjā ㉕ mūsikavijjā ㉖ sakuṇavijjā ㉗ vāyasavijjā ㉘ pakkajjhānaṃ ㉙ saraparittāṇaṃ ㉚ migacakkaṃ
㉑ 地明――土地學、㉒ 蛇明――蛇陀羅尼、㉓ 毒藥明、㉔ 蠍明、㉕ 鼠明、㉖ 鳥明、㉗ 烏鴉明、㉘ 命數豫言，㉙ 防箭咒、㉚ 解獸聲法等。
㉑ reciting house-protection charms; ㉒ snake charming, ㉓ poison-lore, ㉔ scorpion-lore, ㉕ rat-lore, ㉖ bird-lore, ㉗ crow-lore; ㉘ fortune-telling based on visions; ㉙ giving protective charms; ㉚ interpreting the calls of birds and animals --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是等任何無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
2. 遠離占人獸邪命
（五十七） 206. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等依無益徒勞之橫明而過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – maṇilakkhaṇaṃ vatthalakkhaṇaṃ daṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ satthalakkhaṇaṃ asilakkhaṇaṃ usulakkhaṇaṃ dhanulakkhaṇaṃ āvudhalakkhaṇaṃ itthilakkhaṇaṃ purisalakkhaṇaṃ kumāralakkhaṇaṃ kumārilakkhaṇaṃ dāsalakkhaṇaṃ dāsilakkhaṇaṃ hatthilakkhaṇaṃ assalakkhaṇaṃ mahiṃsalakkhaṇaṃ usabhalakkhaṇaṃ golakkhaṇaṃ ajalakkhaṇaṃ meṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ kukkuṭalakkhaṇaṃ vaṭṭakalakkhaṇaṃ godhālakkhaṇaṃ kaṇṇikalakkhaṇaṃ kacchapalakkhaṇaṃ migalakkhaṇaṃ iti vā
例如——占珠相、杖相、衣服相、劍相、矢相、弓相、武器相、婦人相、丈夫相、童子相、童女相、象相、馬相、水牛相、牡牛相、山羊相、羊相、雞相、鶉相、蜥蜴相、耳環相、龜甲相、獸相等。
by such lowly arts as: determining lucky and unlucky gems, garments, staffs, swords, spears, arrows, bows, and other weapons; women, boys, girls, male slaves, female slaves; elephants, horses, buffaloes, bulls, cows, goats, rams, fowl, quails, lizards, long-eared rodents, tortoises, and other animals --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
3. 遠離占軍事邪命
（五十八） 207. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等以占無益徒勞之橫明以過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – raññaṃ niyyānaṃ bhavissati, raññaṃ aniyyānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, iti imassa jayo bhavissati, imassa parājayo bhavissati iti vā
例如——占『王應進軍、王不應進軍。』『內部諸王當迫進、外部諸王當退卻。』『外部諸王當迫進、內部諸王將退卻。』『內部諸王當勝利、外部諸王將敗退。』『外部諸王當勝利、內部諸王將敗退。』『此人當勝利、此人將敗退。』
by such lowly arts as forecasting:
the rulers will march forth;
the rulers will march forth and return;
our rulers will attack, and their rulers will retreat;
their rulers will attack, and our rulers will retreat;
there will be triumph for our rulers and defeat for their rulers;
there will be triumph for their rulers and defeat for our rulers;
thus there will be triumph, thus there will be defeat --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是等無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
4. 遠離占星宿邪命
（五十九） 208. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等以占無益徒勞之橫明過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – candaggāho bhavissati, sūriyaggāho bhavissati, nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, ukkāpāto bhavissati, disāḍāho bhavissati, bhūmicālo bhavissati, devadudrabhi bhavissati, candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko candaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko sūriyaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko ukkāpāto bhavissati, evaṃvipāko disāḍāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko bhūmicālo bhavissati, evaṃvipāko devadudrabhi bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati iti vā
例如——占：『應有月蝕、應有日蝕、應有星蝕、日月應行正道、諸星宿應行正道、諸星宿應行非道，流星應損落、應有天火、應有地震、天鼓將鳴、應有日月星宿之升沈明暗。如是之果報，應有月蝕……[乃至]……如是之果報，應有日月星宿之升沈明暗。』
by such lowly arts as forecasting:
there will be a lunar eclipse;
there will be a solar eclipse;
there will be an occultation of an asterism;
the sun and moon will go their normal courses;
the sun and moon will go astray;
the asterisms will go their normal courses;
the asterisms will go astray;
there will be a meteor shower;
there will be a darkening of the sky;
there will be an earthquake;
there will be thunder coming from a clear sky;
there will be a rising, a setting, a darkening, a brightening of the sun, moon, and asterisms;
such will be the result of the lunar eclipse... the rising, setting, darkening, brightening of the sun, moon, and asterisms --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
5. 遠離占氣象邪命
（六十） 209. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等以占無益徒勞之橫明過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – suvuṭṭhikā bhavissati, dubbuṭṭhikā bhavissati, subhikkhaṃ bhavissati, dubbhikkhaṃ bhavissati, khemaṃ bhavissati, bhayaṃ bhavissati, rogo bhavissati, ārogyaṃ bhavissati, muddā, gaṇanā, saṅkhānaṃ, kāveyyaṃ, lokāyataṃ iti vā
例如——占：『應有多雨、應無雨、應有豐收、應無收穫、應來太平、應無恐怖、應有疫病、應有健康。』[並占]記號、計算吉凶數、作詩、順世論爭。
by such lowly arts as forecasting:
there will be abundant rain; there will be a drought;
there will be plenty; there will be famine;
there will be rest and security; there will be danger;
there will be disease; there will be freedom from disease;
or they earn their living by counting, accounting, calculation, composing poetry, or teaching hedonistic arts and doctrines --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是任何無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
6. 遠離問嫁娶邪命
（六十一） 210. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有其沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等以占無益徒勞之橫明過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – āvāhanaṃ vivāhanaṃ saṃvaraṇaṃ vivaraṇaṃ saṅkiraṇaṃ vikiraṇaṃ subhagakaraṇaṃ dubbhagakaraṇaṃ viruddhagabbhakaraṇaṃ jivhānibandhanaṃ hanusaṃhananaṃ hatthābhijappanaṃ hanujappanaṃ kaṇṇajappanaṃ ādāsapañhaṃ kumārikapañhaṃ devapañhaṃ ādiccupaṭṭhānaṃ mahatupaṭṭhānaṃ abbhujjalanaṃ sirivhāyanaṃ iti vā
例如——占：娶、嫁、和睦分裂、貸入、貸出、[以咒術令]開運、遇禍、墮胎、啞口、不能言、[舉手]不下、耳聾、問鏡、問童女、問天神、拜太陽、奉祭大[梵天]、口吐火、奉請吉祥天等。
by such lowly arts as:
calculating auspicious dates for marriages, betrothals, divorces; for collecting debts or making investments and loans; for being attractive or unattractive; curing women who have undergone miscarriages or abortions;
reciting spells to bind a man's tongue, to paralyze his jaws, to make him lose control over his hands, or to bring on deafness;
getting oracular answers to questions addressed to a mirror, to a young girl, or to a spirit medium;
worshipping the sun, worshipping the Great Brahma, bringing forth flames from the mouth, invoking the goddess of luck --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是任何無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
...
7. 遠離宅地醫邪命
☆ 佛遺教經 ➾ 咒術仙藥，結好貴人，親厚媟慢，皆不應作。
（六十二） 211. “Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni
又有某沙門、梵行者，受食信施而生活。
"Whereas some priests and contemplatives, living off food given in faith,
bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti.
彼等以無益徒勞之橫明過邪命生活。
maintain themselves by wrong livelihood,
Seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ bhūtakammaṃ bhūrikammaṃ vassakammaṃ vossakammaṃ vatthukammaṃ vatthuparikammaṃ ācamanaṃ nhāpanaṃ juhanaṃ vamanaṃ virecanaṃ uddhaṃvirecanaṃ adhovirecanaṃ sīsavirecanaṃ kaṇṇatelaṃ nettatappanaṃ natthukammaṃ añjanaṃ paccañjanaṃ sālākiyaṃ sallakattiyaṃ dārakatikicchā, mūlabhesajjānaṃ anuppadānaṃ, osadhīnaṃ paṭimokkho iti vā
例如——許願、還願、對地基作咒、得精力[有子]、失精力[無子]、相宅地、對宅地撒[祭物]；漱口、沐浴、供犧牲、吐藥、下劑、上吐、下瀉、頭痛藥、點耳、洗眼、灌鼻、眼藥、藥油；眼科醫、外科醫、小兒科醫、與根本藥、草藥、瀉藥等。
by such lowly arts as:
promising gifts to devas in return for favors; fulfilling such promises;
demonology;
teaching house-protection spells;
inducing virility and impotence;
consecrating sites for construction;
giving ceremonial mouthwashes and ceremonial bathing;
offering sacrificial fires;
preparing emetics, purgatives, expectorants, diuretics, headache cures;
preparing ear-oil, eye-drops, oil for treatment through the nose, collyrium, and counter-medicines; curing cataracts, practicing surgery, practicing as a children's doctor, administering medicines and treatments to cure their after-effects --
iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato hoti.
遠離如是任何無益徒勞之橫明。
he abstains from wrong livelihood, from lowly arts such as these.
Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ.
此亦為比丘戒之一分。
This, too, is part of his virtue.
8. 戒具足不見怖畏
☆ 佛遺教經 ➾ 此則略說，持戒之相。戒是正順，解脫之本，故名，波羅提木叉。因依此戒，得生諸禪定，及滅苦智慧。是故比丘，當持淨戒，勿令毀缺。若能持淨戒，是則，能有善法；若無淨戒，諸善功德，皆不得生。是以當知，戒為：『第一安隱，功德住處。』
（六十三） 212. “Sa kho so, mahārāja, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato.
大王！如是此比丘戒具足者，無論於何處，由戒之護持故，皆不見怖畏。
"A monk thus consummate in virtue sees no danger anywhere from his restraint through virtue.
Seyyathāpi – mahārāja, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto nihatapaccāmitto na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ paccatthikato;
大王！恰如一灌頂之剎帝利制伏怨敵，無論於何處，皆不見怖畏。
Just as a head-anointed noble warrior king who has defeated his enemies sees no danger anywhere from his enemies,
evameva kho, mahārāja, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno na kutoci bhayaṃ samanupassati, yadidaṃ sīlasaṃvarato.
比丘而戒具足者，由戒之護持故，無論於何處，皆不見怖畏。
in the same way the monk thus consummate in virtue sees no danger anywhere from his restraint through virtue.
So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
具足此聖戒蘊，彼之內心，感受無垢純淨安樂。
Endowed with this noble aggregate of virtue, he is inwardly sensitive to the pleasure of being blameless.
Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti.
大王！如是比丘乃戒具足。
This is how a monk is consummate in virtue.
<Mahāsīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. 戒律大篇結束>
