2013年2月24日 星期日

大緣經 (8) 出離想蘊

長部經典第十五 Mahānidānasutta 大緣經 (DN 15)



第三章  出離想蘊



第一節  慧解脫
 

 1.    九有情居
 
 
(三十三) 127. “Satta kho, ānanda [satta kho imā ānanda (ka. sī. syā.)], viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo, dve āyatanāni.

阿難!有七識住,二想處。

"Ananda, there are these seven stations of consciousness and two spheres.


(1)    七識住 Satta viññāṇaṭṭhiti (Seven Stations of Consciousness)

Katamā satta?

哪七識住?

Which seven?


  Ⅰ.   欲界人天

Santānanda, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā, ekacce ca devā, ekacce ca vinipātikā.

阿難!有種種身、種種想之有情,即人、一類天神與一類墮惡處者。

"There are beings with diversity of body and diversity of perception, such as human beings, some devas, and some beings in the lower realms.


Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第一識住。

This is the first station of consciousness.


  Ⅱ.    初禪梵身

Santānanda, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā.

阿難!有種種身,一類想:『諸梵眾,皆梵王所生!』之有情,即有依初禪而生之梵身天。

"There are beings with diversity of body and singularity of perception, such as the devas of the Brahma hosts generated by the first [jhana] and some beings in the four realms of deprivation.


Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第二識住。

This is the second station of consciousness.


  Ⅲ.   二禪光音

Santānanda, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā.

阿難!有一類身,種種想之有情,即光音天。

"There are beings with singularity of body and diversity of perception, such as the Radiant Devas.



Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第三識住。

This is the third station of consciousness.


  Ⅳ.   三禪遍淨

Santānanda, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā.

阿難!有一類身,一類想之有情,即遍淨天。

"There are beings with singularity of body and singularity of perception, such as the Beautifully Lustrous Devas.


Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第四識住。

This is the fourth station of consciousness.


  Ⅴ.   空無邊處

Santānanda, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā.

阿難!有超一切色想,超有對想,不作意種種想,是:『空無邊……』,即生於:『空無邊處』之有情。

"There are beings who,with the complete transcending of perceptions of [physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not heeding perceptions of diversity, [perceiving,] 'Infinite space,' arrive at the dimension of the infinitude of space.


Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第五識住者。

This is the fifth station of consciousness.


  Ⅵ.   識無邊處

Santānanda, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā.

阿難!有超一切空無邊處,是:『識無邊……』,即生於:『識無邊處』之有情。

"There are beings who, with the complete transcending of the dimension of the infinitude of space, [perceiving,] 'Infinite consciousness,' arrive at the dimension of the infinitude of consciousness.


Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第六識住。

This is the sixth station of consciousness.


  Ⅶ.   無所有處

 
Santānanda, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā.
阿難!有超一切識無邊處,是:『無所有……』,即生於:『無所有處』之有情。

"There are beings who, with the complete transcending of the dimension of the infinitude of consciousness, [perceiving,] 'There is nothing,' arrive at the dimension of nothingness.


Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.

此為,第七識住。

This is the seventh station of consciousness.




(2)    二想處 dve āyatanāni



  Ⅰ.   無想處


Asañña-sattā-yatanaṃ

二處者,第一,是無想有情處;

"The dimension of non-percipient beings and,


  Ⅱ.   非想非非想處

nevasaññānāsaññāyatana-meva dutiyaṃ.

第二,是非想非非想處。

second, the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception. [These are the two spheres.]



  2.    如實出離


(三十四) 128. “Tatrānanda, yāyaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā, ekacce ca devā, ekacce ca vinipātikā.

阿難!此中,有種種身、種種想之有情,即人、一類天神及一類墮惡處者,為第一識住。

"Now, as for the first station of consciousness — beings with diversity of body and diversity of perception, such as human beings, some devas, and some beings in the lower realms:


Yo nu kho, ānanda, tañca pajānāti, tassā ca samudayaṃ pajānāti, tassā ca atthaṅgamaṃ pajānāti, tassā ca assādaṃ pajānāti, tassā ca ādīnavaṃ pajānāti, tassā ca nissaraṇaṃ pajānāti, kallaṃ nu tena tadabhinanditun”ti?

阿難!無論何人,如實正知──『四聖諦』之生起、衰滅、滋味、過患、由輪迴之出離!彼是否,還得此識住,而歡喜否?」

If one discerns that [station of consciousness], discerns its origination, discerns its passing away, discerns its allure, discerns its drawbacks, discerns the escape from it, would it be proper, by means of that [discernment] to take delight there?"


“No hetaṃ, bhante”

「世尊!不然。」

"No, lord."


…pe…

……乃至……「阿難!此中,超一切識無邊處,是:『無所有』,即生於:『無所有處』者,為第七識住。阿難!無論何人,如實正知──『四聖諦』之生起、衰滅、滋味、過患、由輪迴之出離!彼是否,還得此識住,而歡喜否?」「世尊!不然!」



“tatrānanda, yamidaṃ asaññasattāyatanaṃ.

「阿難!此中,無想有情處,如是──



Yo nu kho, ānanda, tañca pajānāti, tassa ca samudayaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca atthaṅgamaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca assādaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca ādīnavaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca nissaraṇaṃ pajānāti, kallaṃ nu tena tadabhinanditun”ti?

阿難!無論何人,如實正知──『四聖諦』之生起、衰滅、滋味、過患、由輪迴之出離!彼是否,還得此無想有情處,而歡喜否?」



“No hetaṃ, bhante”.

「世尊!不然。」



“Tatrānanda, yamidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ.
「阿難!此中,非想非非想處,如是──



Yo nu kho, ānanda, tañca pajānāti, tassa ca samudayaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca atthaṅgamaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca assādaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca ādīnavaṃ pajānāti, tassa ca nissaraṇaṃ pajānāti, kallaṃ nu tena tadabhinanditun”ti?

阿難!無論何人,如實正知──『四聖諦』之生起、衰滅、滋味、過患、由輪迴之出離!彼是否,還得此非想非非想處,而歡喜否?」



“No hetaṃ, bhante”.

「世尊!不然。」

 

 

3.    慧解脫者


Yato kho, ānanda, bhikkhu imāsañca sattannaṃ viññāṇaṭṭhitīnaṃ imesañca dvinnaṃ āyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādā vimutto hoti,

「是故,阿難!比丘如實正知,此等七識住及二想處──『四聖諦』之生起、衰滅、滋味、過患、由輪迴之出離,由無取著而解脫!

"Ananda, when knowing — as they actually are — the origination, passing away, allure, drawbacks of — and escape from — these seven stations of consciousness and two spheres, a monk is released through lack of clinging,


ayaṃ vuccatānanda, bhikkhu paññāvimutto.

阿難!此比丘,名為慧解脫者。

he is said to be a monk released through discernment.


 
 

第二節  俱解脫
 
 1.    八解脫 Aṭṭha vimokkhā (Eight Emancipations)

 

(三十五) 129. “Aṭṭha kho ime, ānanda, vimokkhā. Katame aṭṭha?

阿難!此解脫有八,何者為八?

"Ananda, there are these eight emancipations. Which eight?


(1)    有色觀色

 
Rūpī rūpāni passati

內有色想者,依欲界定、初禪,外觀──少許、無量,好、醜之諸色。

"Possessed of form, one sees forms.


ayaṃ paṭhamo vimokkho.

此為,第一解脫。

This is the first emancipation.


(2)    無色觀色


Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati,

內無色想者,依二禪、三禪,外觀──少許、無量,好、醜之諸色。

"Not percipient of form internally, one sees forms externally.


ayaṃ dutiyo vimokkho.

此為,第二解脫。

This is the second emancipation.


(3)    清淨勝解

 
Subhanteva adhimutto hoti,


內無色想,一心:『清淨』者,依第四禪,外觀──青、黃、赤、白,諸色華光,證得勝解。


"One is intent only on the beautiful.



ayaṃ tatiyo vimokkho.


此為,第三解脫。


This is the third emancipation.



(4)    空無邊處

 
Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati,


超一切色想,超一切有對想,不作意種種想──『空是無邊……』,達空無邊處而住。


"With the complete transcending of perceptions of [physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not heeding perceptions of diversity, [perceiving,] 'Infinite space,' one enters and remains in the dimension of the infinitude of space.



ayaṃ catuttho vimokkho.


此為,第四解脫。


This is the fourth emancipation.



(5)    識無邊處

 
Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati,


超一切空無邊處──『識是無邊……』,達識無邊處而住


"With the complete transcending of the dimension of the infinitude of space, [perceiving,] 'Infinite consciousness,' one enters and remains in the dimension of the infinitude of consciousness.



ayaṃ pañcamo vimokkho.


此為,第五解脫。


This is the fifth emancipation.



(6)    無所有處

 
Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati,


超一切識無邊處──『皆無所有……』,達無所有處而住。


"With the complete transcending of the dimension of the infinitude of consciousness, [perceiving,] 'There is nothing,' one enters and remains in the dimension of nothingness.



ayaṃ chaṭṭho vimokkho.


此為,第六解脫。


This is the sixth emancipation.



(7)    非非想處


Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘nevasaññānāsaññā’yatanaṃ upasampajja viharati,

超一切無所有處,達非想非非想處而住。


"With the complete transcending of the dimension of nothingness, one enters and remains in the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception.



ayaṃ sattamo vimokkho.


此為,第七解脫。


This is the seventh emancipation.



(8)    想受滅盡

 
Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati,


超一切非想非非想處,達想受滅盡而住。


"With the complete transcending of the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception, one enters and remains in the cessation of perception and feeling.



ayaṃ aṭṭhamo vimokkho.


此為,第八解脫。


This is the eighth emancipation.



Ime kho, ānanda, aṭṭha vimokkhā.


阿難!此為八解脫。




  2.    俱解脫者

 
(三十六) 130. “Yato kho, ānanda, bhikkhu ime aṭṭha vimokkhe anulomampi samāpajjati, paṭilomampi samāpajjati, anulomapaṭilomampi samāpajjati, ❶ yatthicchakaṃ ❷ yadicchakaṃ ❸ yāvaticchakaṃ ❹ samāpajjatipi ❺ vuṭṭhātipi.


阿難!是故,比丘順入此等八解脫,或逆入,或順逆入,❶ 轉向其他解脫自在、❷ 省察剛才所證入之解脫自在、❸ 住解脫自在、❹ 入解脫自在、❺ 出解脫自在。


"Now, when a monk attains these eight emancipations in forward order, in reverse order, in forward and reverse order, when he attains them and emerges from them ❶ wherever he wants, ❷ however he wants, ❸ and for as long as he wants,



Āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati,


如是,由滅盡諸漏,於現見之法,自身證知通智,達無漏心解脫、慧解脫而住。


when through the ending of the mental fermentations he enters and remains in the fermentation-free awareness-release and discernment-release, having directly known it and realized it in the here and now,



ayaṃ vuccatānanda, bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto.


阿難!此比丘,名為俱解脫者。


he is said to be a monk released in both ways.



Imāya ca ānanda ubhatobhāgavimuttiyā aññā ubhatobhāgavimutti uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā.


阿難!此俱解脫外,並無更超越、更殊勝之解脫!」世尊如此說完。


And as for another release in both ways, higher or more sublime than this, there is none." That is what the Blessed One said.




第三篇  結語

  
  Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

具壽阿難,心滿意足、歡喜信受,世尊之所說!


Gratified, Ven. Ananda delighted in the Blessed One's words.



<Mahānidānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ. 大緣經結束>



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